# Innovations Indicating the Imminent Arrival of the Post-Human Era
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Chapter 1: Exploring the Intersection of Technology and Humanity
In today's world, we are increasingly aware of the implications that robotics, artificial intelligence, and advancements in medicine hold for our lives. There is an abundance of intelligence, creativity, and financial resources circulating within these fields. To grasp the potential outcomes of their convergence, we should examine the remarkable developments occurring within each sector. The following five inventions shed light on our progress and spark curiosity about how much farther we can advance:
Invention 1: The Eyeborg
This device embodies the concept of synesthesia, a phenomenon typically experienced by a select few individuals. Synesthesia allows some people to perceive sounds as colors or shapes. Imagine if there were a tool that could replicate this sensory experience for everyone. Enter the Eyeborg.
In 2004, Neil Harbisson, a color-blind artist, pioneered this innovation by attaching a device to his head that translates colors into sounds. The Eyeborg analyzes visual data and converts it into audio signals transmitted through bone conduction. Although Neil cannot visually perceive colors, he can "hear" them, enriching his sensory experience.
Neil uses the Eyeborg's camera to detect a wide range of colors, including those beyond human visual capabilities, such as infrared and ultraviolet. This technology not only allows him to identify colors but also to "listen" to architectural forms, enhancing his creative endeavors. He envisions a future where the device could harness energy from his body, further integrating technology into human experience.
Invention 2: The BrainPort
Developed in the 1960s, the BrainPort represents a groundbreaking advancement for visually impaired individuals, enabling them to perceive their environment through taste. A notable success story is Erik Weihenmayer, the first blind climber to summit Mount Everest. He accomplished this remarkable feat using the BrainPort, which relies on tongue sensations to interpret visual data.
With a camera mounted on his forehead and the BrainPort resting on his tongue, Erik receives signals through 400 electrodes that pulse in response to light variations. This device allows him to discern shapes and navigate his surroundings with impressive accuracy.
The BrainPort has applications beyond mountaineering, assisting divers in murky waters and soldiers in gaining situational awareness in low-visibility conditions.
Invention 3: Utah Array/BrainGate
Emeritus Professor Kevin Warwick has been at the forefront of pioneering research into neuro-surgical implants. His work with the BrainGate technology, which connects the nervous system directly to computers, has opened new avenues for individuals with disabilities.
The BrainGate system consists of a sensor implanted in the motor cortex, which interprets brain signals to reconnect with limbs that may be disconnected due to injury. This technology empowers users to control their movements simply by thinking about them.
Invention 4: The Elektroftalm
Originally conceived in the 1890s, the Elektroftalm aimed to assist the visually impaired but was unsuccessful due to its cumbersome design. However, advancements in the 1960s led to a successful iteration that integrated touch and sound to convey visual information.
This system utilized vibratory motors to "draw" images on the user's head, allowing blind individuals to navigate specially designed environments with enhanced contrast.